HW-Interview Questions and Answers

 

Interview Questions and Answers - Basic : 

By Ahmad Irshad | C Programming Exercises and Solutions > If...Else 

 

1) What is a computer? 

A Computer is an electronic device that manipulate data or instructions input given by a user and gives some meaningful information as an output on the monitor.

The terms "compute" means computing, refers to processing data as input given by user.

2) What is computer system? 

A computer system is a set of integrated devices where data and information are processed and manipulated to perform the task at hand. There are five main hardware components in a computer system: Motherboard, CPU, HDD, RAM, Monitor, and may others.

3) What is computer File and Folder? 

A file is collection of data or information stored in one unit, identified by a file name. It can be document, picture, audio, or video, or other collection of data.

A folder is like a container that holds one or more files, and a folder can even hold another folder which may contain another files and folders.

4) What is a file extension? 

A file extension (or simply "extension") is the suffix at the end of a filename that indicates what type of file it is. For example, in the filename "Protec.txt," the .TXT is the file extension. .txt means text. It indicates the file is a text document.

5) What is a Microprocessor or Processor or CPU? 

The microprocessor, or “processor” is a small chip that reside on the motherboard and other electronic devices. Its basic job is to receive data or information as input and performs operation on it, then provide the appropriate output. 

CPU: stands for central processing unit. 

6) What is mother board?

A motherboard is the main printed circuit board that connects all the hardware components of the computer together and allow communication amongst them. without it, none of the computer parts such as: CPU, HDD, RAM etc. could interact.

7) What is Volatile and None-volatile memory?

(RAM stands for Random access memory) is known as volatile memory. It is used to store data temporarily that is currently processed by the CPU. But when the power is turned off , the stored data is quickly lost.  

RAM is used to read and write data into it which is accessed by CPU randomly

There are two types of memory

• Volatile memory: used for storing temporarily. That means once the power is turned off, the data will be lost. (RAM is also known as Main memory, primary memory of the computer or Volatile memory) 

• None-Volatile memory: HDD (Hard disk drive) stores data for permanently. It doesn't lose data when the power is turned off.  

8) What is ROM (Read only memory):

ROM is a programmable chip or can say ROM is the physical hardware component in which the BIOS software resides. That is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices. Data stored in ROM cannot be modified. It is also known as firmware.

9) What is BIOS?:

Basic input output system (BIOS) is also known as firmware used to perform hardware initialization during the booting process (power-on startup), and to provide runtime services for operating system and programs. The BIOS comes in pre-installed on computer's motherboard, and it is the first software to run when powered on.  

10) Difference between ROM and BIOS:

BIOS is software and ROM is a chip that is hardware. Originally, BIOS firmware was stored in a ROM chip on the PC motherboard.

11) What is flash memory?

In modern computer systems, The BIOS contents are stored on flash memory so it can be rewritten without removing the chip from the motherboard. For example: EEPROM stands for electronic erasable programmable memory.

12) Advantage of flash memory?

• It saves data when power is turned off.
• It is non-volatile memory hence preserved state without any power.
  
• High transferring speed hence it has faster read write compare to HDD.